Great 20th Century Inventions From 1900 to 1949

Technology, science,  inventions, and re-inventions have progressed at an accelerated rate during the hundred years of the 20th century, more so than any other century. We began the 20th century with the infancy of airplanes, automobiles, and radio, when those inventions dazzled us with their novelty and wonder. We end the 20th century with spaceships, computers, cell phones, and the wireless Internet all being technologies we can take for granted. 1900 The zeppelin invented by Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin.Charles Seeberger redesigned Jesse Renos escalator and invented the modern escalator. 1901 King Camp Gillette invents the double-edged safety razor.The first radio receiver successfully received a radio transmission.Hubert Booth invents a compact and modern vacuum cleaner. 1902 Willis Carrier invents the air conditioner.The lie detector or polygraph machine is invented by James Mackenzie.The birth of the Teddy Bear.George Claude invented neon light. 1903 Edward Binney and Harold Smith co-invent crayons.Bottle-making machinery invented by Michael J. Owens.The Wright brothers invent the first gas motored and manned airplane.William Coolidge invents ductile tungsten used in lightbulbs. 1904 Teabags invented by Thomas Suillivan.Benjamin Holt invents a tractor.John A Fleming invents a vacuum diode or Fleming valve. 1905 Albert Einstein published the Theory of Relativity and made famous the equation, E mc2.Mary Anderson receives a patent for windshield wipers. 1906 William Kellogg invents Cornflakes.Lewis Nixon invents the first sonar like device.Lee Deforest invents electronic amplifying tube (triode). 1907 Leo Baekeland invents the first synthetic plastic called Bakelite.Color photography invented by Auguste and Louis Lumiere.The very first piloted helicopter was invented by Paul Cornu. 1908 The gyrocompass invented by Elmer A. Sperry.Cellophane invented by Jacques E. Brandenberger.Model T first sold.J W Geiger and W Mà ¼ller invent the geiger counter.Fritz Haber invents the Haber Process for making artificial nitrates. Bettmann Archive / Getty Images 1909 Instant coffee invented by G. Washington. 1910 Thomas Edison demonstrated the first talking motion picture.Georges Claude displayed the first  neon  lamp to the public on December 11, 1910, in Paris. 1911 Charles Franklin Kettering  invents the first automobile electrical ignition system. 1912 Motorized movie cameras invented, replaced hand-cranked cameras.  The first military tank patented by Australian inventor De La Mole.Clarence Crane created  Life Savers  candy in 1912. 1913 The  crossword puzzle  invented by  Arthur Wynne.The Merck Chemical Company patented, what is now know as,  ecstasy.Mary Phelps Jacob  invents the bra. 1914 Garrett A. Morgan  invents the Morgan gas mask. 1915 Eugene Sullivan and William Taylor co-invented Pyrex in New York City. 1916 Radio  tuners invented, that received different stations.Stainless steel invented by Henry Brearly. 1917 Gideon Sundback patented the modern  zipper  (not the first zipper). 1918 The superheterodyne radio circuit invented by  Edwin Howard Armstrong. Today, every radio or television set uses this invention.Charles Jung invented fortune cookies. 1919 The pop-up  toaster  invented by Charles Strite.Short-wave radio invented.The flip-flop circuit invented.The  arc welder  invented. 1920 The  tommy gun  patented by John T Thompson.The  Band-Aid  (pronounced ban-dade) invented by Earle Dickson. 1921 Artificial life begins -- the first  robot  built. 1922 Insulin invented by  Sir Frederick Grant Banting.The first 3-D movie (spectacles with one red and one green lens) is released. 1923 Garrett A. Morgan  invents a traffic signal.The television or iconoscope (cathode-ray tube) invented by  Vladimir Kosma Zworykin.John Harwood invented the self-winding watch.Clarence Birdseye invents  frozen food. 1924 The dynamic  loudspeaker  invented by Rice and Kellogg.Notebooks with spiral bindings invented. 1925 The mechanical television a precursor to the modern television, invented by  John Logie Baird. 1926 Robert H. Goddard  invents liquid-fueled rockets. 1927 Eduard Haas III invents  PEZ candy.JWA Morrison invents the first quartz crystal watch.Philo Taylor Farnsworth  invents a complete electronic TV system.Technicolor invented, which allowed the widespread creation of  color movies.Erik Rotheim patents an  aerosol can.Warren Marrison developed the first quartz clock.Philip Drinker invents the  iron lung. 1928 Scottish biologist Alexander Fleming discovers  penicillin.Bubble gum  invented by Walter E. Diemer.Jacob Schick  patented the electric shaver. 1929 American, Paul Galvin invents the car radio.Yo-Yo  re-invented as an American fad. RapidEye / Getty Images 1930 Scotch tape  patented by 3M engineer, Richard G. Drew.The  frozen food  process patented by Clarence Birdseye.Wallace Carothers  and DuPont Labs invent  neoprene.The differential analyzer, or analog computer invented by Vannevar Bush at MIT in Boston.Frank Whittle and Dr. Hans von Ohain both invent a  jet engine. 1931 Harold Edgerton invented stop-action photography.Germans Max Knott and Ernst Ruska co-invent the  electron microscope. 1932 Polaroid photography invented by  Edwin Herbert Land.The zoom lens and the light meter invented.Carl C. Magee invents the first  parking meter.Karl Jansky invents the radio telescope. 1933 Frequency modulation (FM radio) invented by  Edwin Howard Armstrong.Stereo records invented.Richard M. Hollingshead builds a prototype  drive-in movie theater  in his driveway. 1934 Englishmen, Percy Shaw invents  cat eyes  or roads reflectors.Charles Darrow claims he invented the game  Monopoly.Joseph Begun invents the first tape recorder for broadcasting - first magnetic recording. 1935 Wallace Carothers  and DuPont Labs invents nylon ( polymer 6.6.)The first canned  beer  made.Robert Watson-Watt patented  radar. 1936 Bell Labs invents the voice recognition machine.Samuel Colt patents the Colt revolver. 1937 Chester F. Carlson invents the  photocopier.The first  jet engine  is built. Monty Rakusen / Getty Images 1938 The ballpoint pen invented by  Ladislo Biro.Strobe lighting invented.LSD  was synthesized on November 16, 1938 by Swiss chemist Albert Hofmann of Sandoz Laboratories.Roy J. Plunkett invented tetrafluoroethylene polymers or  Teflon.Nescafe or  freeze-dried coffee  invented. 1939 Igor Sikorsky invents the first successful  helicopter. 1940 Dr. William Reich invents the  orgone accumulator.Peter Goldmark invents modern  color television  system.Karl Pabst invents the jeep. 1941 Konrad Zuses  Z3, the first computer controlled by software.Aerosol  spray cans invented by American inventors, Lyle David Goodloe and W.N. Sullivan.Enrico Fermi  invents the neutronic reactor. 1942 John Atanasoff and Clifford Berry  built the first electronic digital computer.Mueller designs a  turboprop engine. 1943 Synthetic rubber invented.Richard James invents the slinky.James Wright invents  silly putty.Swiss chemist, Albert Hofmann discovered the hallucinogenic properties of  LSD.Emile Gagnan and  Jacques Cousteau  invented the aqualung. 1944 The kidney dialysis machine invented by Willem Kolff.Synthetic  cortisone  invented by Percy Lavon Julian. 1945 Vannevar Bush proposes  hypertext.The  atomic bomb  invented. 1946 The  microwave oven  invented by Percy Spencer. 1947 British/Hungarian scientist, Dennis Gabor, developed the theory of holography.Mobile phones  first invented. Although cell phones were not sold commercially until 1983.Bardeen, Brattain, and Shockley invented the  transistor.Earl Silas Tupper patented the Tupperware seal. 1948 The  Frisbee  Ã‚ ® invented by Walter Frederick Morrison and Warren Franscioni.Velcro  Ã‚ ® invented by George de Mestral.Robert Hope-Jones invented the Wurlitzer  jukebox. Glow Images / Getty Images 1949 Cake mix invented.

Corporate identity - 16799 Words

The research register for this journal is available at http://www.mcbup.com/research_registers European Journal of Marketing 35,3/4 248 The current issue and full text archive of this journal is available at http://www.emerald-library.com/ft Corporate identity, corporate branding and corporate marketing Seeing through the fog John M.T. Balmer Bradford School of Management, The University of Bradford, UK Keywords Corporate identity, Corporate Communications, Brands, Corporate image Abstract Outlines 15 explanations for the fog which has enveloped the nascent domains of corporate identity and corporate marketing. However, the fog surrounding the area has a silver lining. This is because the fog has, unwittingly, led†¦show more content†¦In their composite they represent a veritable firmament with the potential to form the key building blocks of a new area of management. However, while the area is likely to be enthusiastically embraced by marketing scholars since it supports a number of concepts that have a long lineage in the marketing discipline  ± branding, communications, image, reputation, and identity  ± these concepts, when applied to the corporate level, are invariably more complicated than when simply applied to products. Furthermore, such corporate concerns are inextricably linked to questions pertaining to corporate strategy and to organisational behaviour and human resources. As such, marketing at the corporate level requires a radical re appraisal in terms of its philosophy, content, management and process. The article opens with a brief overview of the growing consensus gentium among many management/scholars with regard to the importance of the identity concept. This is followed by an examination of the 15 reasons for the cause of the fog. In focusing on these reasons it is hoped that marketing and management scholars will concentrate on the opportunities, rather than the difficulties, associated with the identity concept. What is clear is that the identity concept is particularly salient for a host of management disciplines and provides a new, supplemental lens by which an organisation’s quintessential attributes may be revealed,Show MoreRelatedCorporate Identity, Corporate Branding And Corporate Reputations : Reconciliation And Integration1077 Words   |  5 PagesN. (2012). Corporate identity, corporate branding and corporate reputations: Reconciliation and integration. European Journal of Marketing, 46(7/8), 1048-1063. This article will be utilized to assist managers in aligning and optimizing brand and reputation, while academics will be able to use this framework for future empirical research. 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Puppy Mills Free Essays

Tiffany Baldeo MWF 8:00-8:50am ENC1101 Informative Essay Puppy Mills, Be gone! Bulldogs on sale! Yorkie puppies available here! Have you ever wondered where all these cheap puppies for sale in pet stores come from? The answer is that they are produced in factory-like environments known as â€Å"puppy mills†. Puppy mills are large-scale dog breeding operations where profit is given priority over the well-being of the dogs. Puppy mills treat dogs like products, not living beings, and usually house them in overcrowded and unsanitary conditions without adequate veterinary care, socialization, or even food and water. We will write a custom essay sample on Puppy Mills or any similar topic only for you Order Now The cute puppies for sale at your local mall were probably bred from dogs that don’t play outside or get groomed. Puppy mill dogs are typically kept in cages with wire flooring that injures their paws and legs and cages can be stacked up in a column, which means waste falls on the dogs housed below them. Compromised health and conditions like matting, sores, mange, severe dental disease and abscesses are often widespread. Many puppy mill puppies are born with or develop overt physical problems that make them unsalable to pet stores, which mean they end up abandoned or just left to die. Many sick puppies do manage to end up at pet stores, though, where the new puppy owner unknowingly purchases the sick dog. Breeding dogs at the mills sometimes spend their entire lives outdoors, exposed to the elements, or crammed inside filthy structures. When a parent at a puppy mill is no longer able to produce, the dog may be given to the nearest shelter, abandoned, or even destroyed. Also, because the puppies produced in puppy mills do not have safe and healthy homes selected for them ahead of time, if they are not purchased by the time they hit a certain age, they may suffer the same fate. Female dogs usually have little to no recovery time between bearing litters. When, after a few years, the females can no longer reproduce or when their breed goes out of style, the dogs are often abandoned, shot, or starved until they eventually die. Many pet stores with cute puppies for sale will tell you that they don’t get their puppies from puppy mills. They’ll say their puppies are all from â€Å"USDA licensed breeders. † If you dig a little deeper into what that actually means, you’ll find that it’s not worth much. The standards of care required by the USDA are woefully inadequate and not what most of us would consider humane. They leave a lot of room for dogs to be severely mistreated. Even if they were adequate, they’re not enforced. Take a look at a scathing report done by the Inspector General on USDA’s lax enforcement of the law regulating breeders and judge for yourself whether USDA licensing of puppy mills is enough to make you shop at stores that sell puppies. In fact, you only have to be licensed by USDA as a commercial breeder if you are selling puppies to pet stores or brokers. So USDA licensure is actually a pretty good indicator that the breeders are, in fact, puppy mills. Small hobby breeders, who sell their dogs directly to the public, including those who only sell their puppies online, do not have to be licensed or inspected by USDA. Don’t support the industry. Most pet shop puppies come from puppy mills, and so do most dogs sold over the Internet. Pet shop puppies are separated from their mother at as young as six weeks of age. The health of the puppies is not always guaranteed. Purchasing a puppy for sale at a pet store or online often supports the horrible puppy mill industry. Buying anything in pet stores that sell puppies supports the industry, too. Buy all your pet supplies, toys, pet food, and kitty litter, from stores that do not sell puppies, or buy your pet supplies online from websites that do not sell puppies. Breeders or owners of large kennels are supposed to adhere to regulations and follow protocol when it comes to their business and the wellbeing of the animals that are in their facilities. The puppy mills project states that of the 3,000 USDA licensed breeding facilities, a large number of them have violations that go unpunished and led to the maltreatment of the animals behind the walls. The United States government should be making more strides to help the animals that must endure these horrific living conditions. The Animal Bill of Rights is being used by the Animal legal defense Club to show that there is a large amount of support that is going towards the promotion of more strict animal rights. They also need to help congress come up with harsher punishments for the people that feel that they are above the law and do not need to follow the laws when it comes to animals and abuse. The Fund also states in their website that in the United States about 45 states including the District of Columbia have a type of felony level animal cruelty provision which may be in forced in cases of animal fighting or death of an animal. States need to take a closer look at the puppy mill facilities or â€Å"breeding kennels† and take more drastic measures against people who violate regulations. It is not fair to the animals that they have to live in such conditions that can make them sick and feel unloved. How to cite Puppy Mills, Papers

Globalization and Internationalization †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Globalization and Internationalization. Answer: Introduction Globalization of market is concerned about meeting the preferences of the buyers in the markets all over the world. This helps the organizations in reducing the marketing costs involved along with creating new market opportunities. Technology is the most influential force that pushes the world towards converging commonality. It is used by the consumers to gather information and making purchases from different parts of the world and used by the companies to obtain raw materials and products from different places and to sell the finished products abroad (Pearson, 2017). This report focuses on the fact that the success and failure of the firms is enabled or constrained by the institutions (formal and informal) which can often be referred to as the rules of the game. Also, this report focuses on the ways which will enable the managers to solve the problems faced by them. Globalization and Internationalization Globalization is a process with the help of which the cross border economic, socio-culture and political relations are established and maintained and the geographic distance becomes the matter of least importance. The term internationalization appears to be identical with globalization but there is difference between the two. Internationalization relates to increasing importance of international relations, trade, treaties and alliances, etc. Technology has contributed to a lot of extent in todays era to support the process of globalization by providing ease by the way of e-commerce, promoting cultural globalization through television and telephone and facilitating 24/7 trading by supporting the financial sector. Globalization has resulted into the integration of internationalization of markets and businesses and has altogether changed the manner in which the modern organization perform their business activities. The goods, services and technology are shared across the boundaries which not only benefit the organizations but also the countries by enabling them to establish international relations with different countries. Global Business Environment Global business environment is the environment in different autonomous nations outside the home environment of the organization which influences the decision making process of such organization in relation to the use of resources (Hamilton Webster, 2015). Institutional based view Firms achieves success or faces the failure as the result of opportunities and threats present in the business environment. It is often referred to as the rules of the game which means that the success and failure are enabled or constrained by the institutions i.e. formal and informal. Formal Institution Formal institution can be defined as the institution represented by laws, regulations and rules enforced by the home and host country (Garrido, Gomez, Maicas, et. al., 2014. In simple words, formal institution consists of the entire political system governing the nation which can be either democracy or totalitarianism also known as dictatorship. Various practices are covered under the applicable laws such as common law, civil law, theocratic law, etc. which govern their functioning under the legal system. Informal Institution Informal institution can be defined the institution represented by ethics, cultures and norms (Peng, Wang Jiang, 2008). It involves the way of doing things and the choice between what is right and what is wrong among the alternatives available. It also involves the values and beliefs that guide the behavior of individual and firms. Resources based view The success of a firm is also dependent upon its own strengths and capabilities to deal with the external environment. A resource-based view basically focuses on the internal resources and capabilities of the firm. It is an approach used to achieve competitive advantage by developing their internal factors to deal with the external environment. It has a strong relationship with the performance of the firm in terms of achieving the competitive advantage. Skills The existing resources are used in a new way to exploit the external opportunities by acquiring new skills for each different opportunity (Jurevicius, 2013). Moreover, skills also involve the talent, knowledge and experience possessed by employees, managers and other members of the organization which cannot be replicated by other organizations in the global business environment (Enriquez-De-La-O, 2015). Management skills possessed by the top management which is responsible for controlling the entire organization acts as a key to success if done with full expertise. Capabilities The resources possessed by an organization consists the part of its distinctive capabilities which provides the ability and strength to compete with other organizations in the marketplace (Management Study Guide, 2017). The internal resources and capabilities provides the ability to meet the preferences of the customers with latest technology, flourishing ideas to maintain competitive advantage over others and to deal with the unstable environment by adopting secure bases for formulating strategy.(MBA Tutorials, 2017). Capabilities also involves the ability to adapt and change the internal and external resources of the organization in accordance with the changing global business environment. Challenges faced by Managers Entering the global market involves a high amount of risk which must be identified and assessed on time by the managers in order to prepare themselves against the impact of high-risk and unfortunate events. Ethnocentrism is one of the important challenge faced by the managers during the course of communication to different cultures which could even lead to heavy financial losses in the long run (Parker Buzz, 2017). Another challenge involves the inflexibility and inability to adopt the practices of different culture in order to meet the preferences and expectations of the consumers of foreign countries. The managers are challenged with the various constraints led down by the formal and informal institutions and therefore are required to arrive at a proper decision based on such formal and informal institutions and then come out with a strategy in order to deal with the situation (Globerman, 2017). It requires proper research to be made by them with the view to gather knowledge and intelligence regarding the trade and investment barriers in the cross border country such that the nature of government intervention can be identified. Therefore, when a situation arises where the behavior of the form is governed by both formal and informal institutions and the formal constraints appear to be unclear then the managers must take help of the informal constraints in order to reduce the uncertainties and provide a level of constancy in operations. Also, the managers and the chief executives must take proper steps to undertake continuous monitoring of the business environment relating to culture, taste, preferences and technological variations such that appropriate changes can be made in the products on time and adverse conditions can be prevented. Conclusion Rapid globalization of markets along with technological revolution has changed the entire scenario of the market. Technology has helped the organization to eliminate the inefficiencies out of their international operations by making the use of innovative production and distribution techniques in order to boost the competitiveness in the global business environment. The challenges faced by the managers must addressed with the in-depth business environment analysis such that variations required to be made can be easily interpreted in advance and does not cause any discrepancies in the future. It may adopt risk management and scenario planning to deal with the various risks which may arise in the course of business. References Enriquez-De-La-O, J. F. 2015. Resource-Based View and Dynamic Capabilities Resource-Based View and Dynamic Capabilities. Retrieved November 25, 2017 from https://unipub.lib.uni-corvinus.hu/2171/1/VT_2015n11p50.pdf Garrido, E., Gomez, J., Maicas, J. P. and Orcos, R. 2014. BRQ Business Research Quarterly. Retrieved November 25, 2017 from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2340943614000024 Globerman, S. 2017. Assessing The Global Business Environment Retrieved November 25, 2017 from https://cbe.wwu.edu/files/assessingglobalbussenviro.pdf Hamilton, L. and Webster, P. 2015. The International Business Environment. Oxford University Press. Jurevicius, O. 2013. Resource Based View. Retrieved November 25, 2017 from https://www.strategicmanagementinsight.com/topics/resource-based-view.html Management Study Guide. 2017. Resource Based View - The VRIN Characteristics. Retrieved November 25, 2017 from https://www.managementstudyguide.com/resource-based-view.htm MBA Tutorials. 2017. Rbv Resource Based View Retrieved November 25, 2017 from https://www.mba-tutorials.com/strategy/1174-rbv-resource-based-view.html Parker Buzz. 2017. challenges faced by managers during cross cultural communication. Retrieved November 25, 2017 from https://www.parkarbuzz.com/challenges-faced-managers-cross-cultural-communication/ Pearson. 2017. Globalization. Retrieved November 25, 2017 from https://catalogue.pearsoned.co.uk/assets/hip/gb/hip_gb_pearsonhighered/samplechapter/0273752634.pdf Peng, M. W., Wang, D. Y. and Jiang, Y. 2008. An institution-based view of internationalbusiness strategy: a focus on emerging economies. Journal of International Business Studies. pp. 1-17.