Revolution in the Soviet Union

The primary organizing unit of the PCF is the "cell." The preferable method of joining the company is at a study cell since the PCF sees itself as "the spearhead of the class struggle and in the front line of militant action at work." Cells atomic number 18 where the local party activities are conducted. Related cells are oft grouped into Sections, and delegates from the cells attend Section Conferences. Ranked above the Sections are the Federations which retain offices and permanent staff. Federation delegates attend the Party telling which meets every three years. The Party Congress "proclaims important changes in the party line" and is the supreme national body of the PCF. The supreme governing body of the PCF is the Central Committee. The Central Committee elects the PCF leading consisting of the Bureau politique (approximately 20 members), the Secretariat (eight members) and the Secretary-General. Georges Marchais was the party's Secretary-General from 1972 until 1993, when he resigned.

Membership in the PCF has declined dramatically over the past several decades. In 1978, the party boasted 520,000 members; this figure has since dropped to roughly 200,000 in 1990. Paris, once considered to be a stronghold of Communist control, experienced the most dramatic losses. The PCF is no longer a dominant political power in France: "The PC retai

A exemplary Communist stronghold is the city of Bobigny. Bobigny, with a population of 44,000 residents is spot to 2,700 Communist activists who operate from 70 neighborhood and factory cells. The Communists encompass the needs of the grass roots population. They offer assistance to the unemployed, to those approach eviction, and to those living in low-income housing. Among the party's other humanitarian activities are support summer camps, outpatient clinics, and municipal retirement homes. Communists even donate funds to build new churches. These benefits are funded by "higher taxes on local business and subsidies from Socialist allies in realm ministries.

" Under the "Communist system" members of the party support all(prenominal) other and the party machine. Once Communist majorities are elective in a municipality, they control municipal services by allocating jobs, housing, and grants to support their party objectives.

Conditions in the city of Bologna play the PDS approach to communist government. Communists have controlled the government of this northern chief city since World War II. Observers describe the city as "a well-run, bustling place free from the corruption and at least some of the inefficiency that plague the Christian Democrat-controlled south." Although the Communists instituted many socialist programs in the past (e.g., housing subsidies and free transportation), most of these programs have been swing music back. However, socialized subsidies for health, economic development, housing, and education still enjoy greater popularity than in the United States while farming, worker, and consumer cooperatives still thrive. Aside from Bologna, Communists maintain a political edge in "political ghettos in Emilia-Romagna and a few other central and northern areas."

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